{"id":26935,"date":"2022-06-20T09:50:26","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T07:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/?p=26935"},"modified":"2022-06-20T09:50:26","modified_gmt":"2022-06-20T07:50:26","slug":"historie-plus-malomesto-versus-velkomesto-19-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/?p=26935","title":{"rendered":"Historie Plus: Malom\u011bsto versus velkom\u011bsto 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Martin Sekera, historik, \u0159editel knihovny N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea a&nbsp;\u010dlen Lib\u010dick\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho spolku LOS byl jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;host\u016f po\u0159adu \u010cesk\u00e9ho rozhlasu Historie Plus, tentokr\u00e1t s&nbsp;t\u00e9matem &#8220;Malom\u011bsto versus velkom\u011bsto 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><script>if(typeof(window.jsScriptOutputted)==\"undefined\"){var jsScriptOutputted=true;var jsScript=document.createElement(\"script\");jsScript.type=\"text\/javascript\";jsScript.src=\"https:\/\/vltava.rozhlas.cz\/sites\/all\/libraries\/responsive-external-embeds\/cro_responsiveexternalembeds.min.js\";jsScript.onload=function(){};document.head.appendChild(jsScript);}<\/script><iframe class=\"cro-embed__parent\" src=\"https:\/\/plus.rozhlas.cz\/cro_soundmanager\/files\/8767441\/field_main_audio\" name=\"embed-8767441\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Najdeme je\u0161t\u011b dnes podobn\u00e9 vzorce \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, stereotypy a&nbsp;jazykov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky z&nbsp;obdob\u00ed, kdy vlastenectv\u00ed, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy i&nbsp;tradice se ideov\u011b a&nbsp;politicky stabilizovaly v&nbsp;19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed? Jak \u017eilo malom\u011bsto a&nbsp;velkom\u011bsto pod vlivem spole\u010densk\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch i&nbsp;pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zm\u011bn a&nbsp;kter\u00e9 osobnosti se vymanily ze za\u017eit\u00fdch model\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V procesu industrializace a&nbsp;urbanizace si v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bst p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dlouho uchovala malom\u011bstsko \u2013 venkovsk\u00fd charakter, co\u017e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e zakonzervov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho i&nbsp;ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Vysv\u011btluje na \u00favod na\u0161eho setk\u00e1n\u00ed historik a&nbsp;\u0159editel knihovny N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea Martin Sekera.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Kdo je tedy malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1k? M\u00e1 to slovo jen negativn\u00ed konotaci? Hanliv\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed malobur\u017eoazn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 modern\u00ed n\u00e1zory? Je v&nbsp;n\u011b\u010dem \u201eomezen\u00fd\u201c? Zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00famysln\u011b sv\u016fj p\u016fvod? Chce se dostat do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch pater spole\u010dnosti \u2013 elity? P\u0159etva\u0159uje se, posuzuje situace a&nbsp;lidi bez argumentace? M\u00e1 v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159ednosti?<\/p>\n<p>Malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e9 man\u00fdry a&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed i&nbsp;spole\u010densk\u00e9 stereotypy jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1jmu liter\u00e1t\u016f, sociolog\u016f i&nbsp;filozof\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;nich byl i&nbsp;Arno\u0161t Inocenc Bl\u00e1ha (28.&nbsp;\u010dervence 1879 \u2013 25.&nbsp;dubna 1960) \u2013 sociolog, politolog, pedagog, kter\u00fd je autorem \u010dl\u00e1nku Malom\u011bstsk\u00e1 bur\u017eoasie a&nbsp;\u017eurnalistika, kter\u00fd otiskl list St\u0159eda v&nbsp;roce 1912.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem 60.&nbsp;let 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1890 prob\u011bhla v&nbsp;\u017eivotn\u00edm stylu spole\u010dnosti v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 prom\u011bna. Aktivizace m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva, projevy anga\u017eovanosti a&nbsp;rozvoj spolkov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se podepisuj\u00ed na spole\u010densk\u00e9m, kulturn\u00edm a&nbsp;politick\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Rebelov\u00e9 doby atakuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu a&nbsp;bouraj\u00ed klientelismus malom\u011bsta. V\u016fdci politick\u00fdch spolk\u016f, mecen\u00e1\u0161i, bohat\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, ale p\u0159esto st\u00e1le p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 stereotypy, malost a&nbsp;nadutost malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ctv\u00ed. Klientelismus v&nbsp;mal\u00fdch m\u011bstech pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;21.&nbsp;stolet\u00edm p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes a&nbsp;m\u016f\u017eeme ho vid\u011bt na p\u0159\u00edkladu manipulace s&nbsp;pozemky. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola v&nbsp;mal\u00fdch m\u011bstech byla oproti velk\u00fdm m\u011bst\u016fm 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou slab\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e1lo \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo n\u011bkter\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010d\u016fm ovliv\u0148ovat jedn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd kontroln\u00ed mechanismus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e v&nbsp;50.&nbsp;letech 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdm stylem my\u0161len\u00ed a&nbsp;aktivitou bouraj\u00ed vzorec malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Jind\u0159ich F\u00fcgner (12.&nbsp;z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1822 Praha \u2013 15.&nbsp;listopadu 1865 Praha), \u010desk\u00fd t\u011blocvik\u00e1\u0159 a&nbsp;jeden ze zakladatel\u016f spolku Sokol. Bur\u017eoazn\u00ed typ, mecen\u00e1\u0161 a&nbsp;\u010dlen \u0159ady spolk\u016f. Pat\u0159il ke vzd\u011blan\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm pra\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0161\u0165anstva. Roku 1851 byl zvolen do pra\u017esk\u00e9ho obecn\u00edho zastupitelstva. Jako podnikatel z\u00edskal zku\u0161enosti v&nbsp;N\u011bmecku, Anglii, Francii a&nbsp;It\u00e1lii. V&nbsp;roce 1855 se stal gener\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem terstsk\u00e9 poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u201eNuova Societ\u00e0 Commerciale d\u00b4Assecurazioni\u201c v&nbsp;Praze. Roku 1859 byl zvolen do pra\u017esk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed a&nbsp;pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 komory.<\/p>\n<p><em>Samospr\u00e1vn\u00fd celek \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zahrnuje dnes p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6240 obc\u00ed, z&nbsp;nich\u017e zhruba 60 procent obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky \u017eije v&nbsp;obc\u00edch do 500 obyvatel. Mezi obcemi, mal\u00fdmi a&nbsp;velk\u00fdmi m\u011bsty \u017eije v&nbsp;prostoru tzv.&nbsp;malom\u011bst 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed cca 70-80 tis\u00edc obyvatel.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>autor: Lenka Kopeck\u00e1<br \/>\nzdroj: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plus.rozhlas.cz\/malomesto-versus-velkomesto-19-stoleti-8767441\">https:\/\/plus.rozhlas.cz\/malomesto-versus-velkomesto-19-stoleti-8767441<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Martin Sekera, historik, \u0159editel knihovny N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea a&nbsp;\u010dlen Lib\u010dick\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho spolku LOS byl jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;host\u016f po\u0159adu \u010cesk\u00e9ho rozhlasu Historie Plus, tentokr\u00e1t s&nbsp;t\u00e9matem &#8220;Malom\u011bsto versus velkom\u011bsto 19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed&#8221;. Najdeme je\u0161t\u011b dnes podobn\u00e9 vzorce \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, stereotypy a&nbsp;jazykov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky z&nbsp;obdob\u00ed, kdy vlastenectv\u00ed, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy i&nbsp;tradice se ideov\u011b a&nbsp;politicky stabilizovaly v&nbsp;19.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed? Jak \u017eilo malom\u011bsto a&nbsp;velkom\u011bsto pod vlivem spole\u010densk\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26935"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26940,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26935\/revisions\/26940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libcickekrizovatky.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}